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Lost control of its sea lines of communication, and was strangled as a result. Reestablished sea control after enormous effort, while in the Pacific during World War II, the Japanese Navy suffered grievous losses to American submarines,

In two successive Battles of the Atlantic against German submarines, the Allies eventually Their means of deploying military forces to distant shores.

When first faced with unrestricted submarine warfare, Britain in World War I, and Britain, the United States,Īnd Japan in World War II all suffered grievous losses, especially to their merchant marines, which were to varying degrees their economic lifelines, as well as Revolutionary new weapon of war, and the inability or the reluctance of the major naval powers to anticipate this threat and prepare innovative and effectiveĪntisubmarine measures to counter it in peacetime. This threat resulted both from the inherent capabilities of a The submarine threatened the major naval powers in two World Wars with loss of control of the seas. The Fourth Battle?: Submarines and ASW After the Cold War Phase IV of the Third Battle: ASW and Acoustic Parity: 1980-1990 Phase III of the Third Battle: ASW and the Happy Time: 1960-1980 Phase II of the Third Battle: ASW and the Two Nuclear Revolutions: 1950-1960 Phase I of the Third Battle: The German Type XXI and the Early Cold War: 1945-1950 Navy's Silent Cold War Struggle with Soviet Submarinesįrom Holland to the Second Battle: The First 50 Years